15 Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types terms
In this activity we will see the definition of research design
Analysis
noun
Is a straightforward analysis. It explains the “what” about a topic, by using data, statistics, and trends. It employs the use of many common characteristics companies already have access to, like case studies, surveys, and customers.
Example: Helps describe, show or summarize data points
es: Es un análisis sencillo. Explica el "qué" de un tema mediante el uso de datos, estadísticas y tendencias. Emplea el uso de muchas características comunes a las que las empresas ya tienen acceso, como estudios de casos, encuestas y clientes.
Correlational research design
noun
investigates relationships between two variables (or more) without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. It's a non-experimental type of quantitative research. In a correlational design, you measure variables without manipulating any of them.
Example: You want to know if there is any correlation between the number of children people have and which political party they vote for. You don’t think having more children causes people to vote differently
es: 260 / 5000
Resultados de traducción
investiga las relaciones entre dos variables (o más) sin que el investigador controle o manipule ninguna de ellas. Es un tipo de investigación cuantitativa no experimental. En un diseño correlacional, mide las variables sin manipular ninguna de ellas.
Data collection
noun
Is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.
Example: Case Studies, Checklists, Interviews, Observation sometimes, and Surveys or Questionnaires are all tools used to collect data.
es: Es el proceso de recopilar y medir información sobre variables de interés, de una manera sistemática establecida que le permite a uno responder preguntas de investigación planteadas, probar hipótesis y evaluar resultados.
Descriptive research design
noun
can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables. ... Unlike in experimental research, the researcher does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and measures them.
Example: A specialty food group launching a new range of barbecue rubs
es: Puede utilizar una amplia variedad de métodos de investigación para investigar una o más variables. A diferencia de la investigación experimental, el investigador no controla ni manipula ninguna de las variables, sino que solo las observa y mide.
Experimental research
noun
Is a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design. It includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be measured, calculated and compared. Most importantly, experimental research is completed in a controlled environment.
Example: when scientists give rats a new medicine and see how they react to learn about the medicine
es: Es un estudio que se adhiere estrictamente a un diseño de investigación científica. Incluye una hipótesis, una variable que puede ser manipulada por el investigador y variables que se pueden medir, calcular y comparar. Lo más importante es que la investigación experimental se completa en un entorno controlado.
Experimental research design
noun
are often considered to be the standard in research designs. In this research design, one or more subjects or dependent variables are randomly assigned to different treatments (i.e. independent variables manipulated by the researcher) and the results are observed to conclude.
es: a menudo se consideran el estándar en los diseños de investigación. En este diseño de investigación, uno o más sujetos o variables dependientes se asignan aleatoriamente a diferentes tratamientos (es decir, variables independientes manipuladas por el investigador) y se observan los resultados para concluir.
Generalization
noun
is a extent to which findings of an empirical investigation hold for a variation of populations and settings. ... Generalization pertains to various aspects of a research design, including participants, settings, measurements, and experimental
Example: Descriptive, or qualitative, methods include the case study, naturalistic observation, surveys, archival research, longitudinal research, and cross-sectional research.
es: a researcher may generalize the results of a survey of 350 people in a university to the university population as a whole
Measurement
Are the items in a research study to which the participant responds. Research measures include survey questions, interview questions, or constructed situations. When constructing interviews and surveys, it is important that the questions directly relate to the research questions.
Example: Of ratio scales include length, weight, time, etc.
es: Son los elementos de un estudio de investigación a los que responde el participante. Las medidas de investigación incluyen preguntas de encuestas, preguntas de entrevistas o situaciones construidas. Al construir entrevistas y encuestas, es importante que las preguntas se relacionen directamente con las preguntas de investigación.
Neutrality
noun
Is an inquiry is free of bias or is separated from the researcher's perspectives, background, position, or conditioning circumstances.
Example: When a researcher or the research is said to be neutral, the inquiry is also implied to be trustworthy and legitimate.
es: Es una investigación libre de sesgos o separada de las perspectivas, antecedentes, posición o circunstancias condicionantes del investigador.
Qualitative
noun
Is concerned with establishing answers to the whys and hows of the phenomenon in question (unlike quantitative). Due to this, qualitative research is often defined as being subjective (not objective), and findings are gathered in a written format as opposed to numerical.
Example: participant observations, in-depth interviews (face-to-face or on the telephone)
es: Se ocupa de establecer respuestas a los porqués y los cómo del fenómeno en cuestión (a diferencia de lo cuantitativo). Debido a esto, la investigación cualitativa a menudo se define como subjetiva (no objetiva) y los hallazgos se recopilan en un formato escrito en lugar de numérico.
Quantitative
noun
research involves the process of objectively collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe, predict, or control variables of interest. The goals of quantitative research are to test causal relationships between variables, make predictions, and generalize results to wider populations.
es: La investigación implica el proceso de recopilar y analizar objetivamente datos numéricos para describir, predecir o controlar las variables de interés. Los objetivos de la investigación cuantitativa son probar las relaciones causales entre las variables, hacer predicciones y generalizar los resultados a poblaciones más amplias.
Reliability
noun
Is consistency in measurement over repeated measures. Reliable measures are those with low random (chance) errors. Reliability is assessed by one of four methods: retest, alternative-form test, split-halves test, or internal consistency test.
es: es la coherencia en la medición sobre medidas repetidas. Las medidas confiables son aquellas con errores aleatorios (de probabilidad) bajos. La confiabilidad se evalúa mediante uno de cuatro métodos: nueva prueba, prueba de forma alternativa, prueba de mitades divididas o prueba de consistencia interna.
Research design
noun
Is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher. The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies up for success.
Example: Research Methods
es: Es el marco de métodos y técnicas de investigación elegidos por un investigador. El diseño permite a los investigadores perfeccionar los métodos de investigación que son adecuados para el tema en cuestión y preparar sus estudios para el éxito.
Survey research
noun
is defined as "the collection of information from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions". This type of research allows for a variety of methods to recruit participants, collect data, and utilize various methods of instrumentation.
Example: suppose a researcher intends to learn about the eating habits of teenagers
es: Se define como "la recopilación de información de una muestra de individuos a través de sus respuestas a preguntas". Este tipo de investigación permite una variedad de métodos para reclutar participantes, recopilar datos y utilizar varios métodos de instrumentación.
Validity
noun
is measuring what is intended to be measured. Valid measures are those with low nonrandom (systematic) errors. Validity is assessed by one of three methods: content validation, criterion-related validation, and construct validation.
Example: a survey designed to explore depression but which actually measures anxiety would not be consid- ered valid.
es: está midiendo lo que se pretende medir. Las medidas válidas son aquellas con pocos errores no aleatorios (sistemáticos). La validez se evalúa mediante uno de tres métodos: validación de contenido, validación relacionada con criterios y validación de constructo.
